Hidradenitis Suppurativa | FAQ

Bob Berendsen • July 7, 2021
woman with hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a common skin condition that often goes unrecognized, undiagnosed, and untreated. It affects approximately 1% to 4% of the world’s population, yet we hardly know anything about it. Read on to learn more about its causes, symptoms, and possible treatments.



What Is Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that begins with tiny, pea-sized bumps underneath the skin. The condition is thought to originate due to problems with the immune system. It's caused by a protein imbalance within the immune system and results in inflammation. Too many proteins within sweat glands can produce these bumps in areas where hair grows, where skin rubs together, or where sweat glands are located. Most bumps occur in places that are not easily seen, such as under the breasts, in the armpits, or in the buttocks.

 

Other areas where they can hide are between the thighs, which often rub together when walking and can be a major cause of skin irritation.


Causes of Hidradenitis Suppurativa

The adrenal glands that produce excess sweat also create the chemical compound known as tumor necrosis factor or TNF-alpha. This compound is an inflammatory agent that contains cytokine, which is produced by the macrophages or monocytes in your system. This type of chemical reaction is common during inflammation and can lead to other chronic skin conditions, such as apoptosis or necrosis. However, both agents are highly effective in the battle against skin cancer and other fatal diseases. The only bad news is that they can be a major source of irritation.


Are There Any Other Symptoms of Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

Hidradenitis suppurativa comes with other symptoms that most of us may not be aware of. You may experience a small area of blackheads, most of which can occur in pairs on a given patch of skin. Sometimes, these abrasions can be irritated and cause a lot of major itching, resulting in the urge to scratch that part of your skin. Scratching is a normal reaction to this condition but is still ill-advised because it will result in bleeding and scar tissue. In this case, seeking quality medical advice from a trusted physician is the best solution.

 

Another symptom that needs attention is the sudden appearance of tunnels. These happen on or around the area where the skin is most affected by hidradenitis suppurativa. They typically form a vast network that connects those tiny lumps and blackheads. This tunnel can be red in appearance and will emit a pungent odor when scratched or rubbed together against neighboring skin. This is often due to the collection of pus released when the skin breaks or gets irritated. Although this isn't life-threatening, you should still seek medical attention for it. It is highly treatable once it is properly diagnosed.

 

You should be aware that scratching an affected area can make it more prone to other infections. Germs and other toxic bacteria can enter open wounds and cause certain effects of their own. Extreme caution should be used in guarding against these and other invaders. Plus, if dirt seeps in, you could experience even greater itching due to tenderness. Washing the area with warm water and antibacterial hand soap will greatly reduce the likelihood of further issues.


What Are Some Potential Causes of Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

There is insufficient evidence as to what causes hidradenitis suppurativa. Still, there is one thing for certain: Hidradenitis suppurativa often begins when there are hair follicles that are in the part of your skin where perspiration is trapped. This happens just as the follicles are blocked by excess fluid.

 

Some hypotheses have developed over the years to explain this phenomenon. One is that genetics are to blame. Another is smoking, which is known to lead to premature aging of the skin and possible dryness. A third guess is hormonal imbalances of your skin's natural chemicals.


Are There Treatment Options Available for Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

Yes, there are treatment options available for those living with hidradenitis suppurativa. Some treatments may require a combination of medications and surgeries that can be used to keep your symptoms under control. Some medications may be taken orally or applied topically right to the affected area. You should do your own research and work with your doctor to determine what's right for you.

 

Topicals such as antibiotic creams can be used in mild cases of skin rash due to hidradenitis suppurativa. You can seek a doctor's prescription for something that's an anti-inflammatory that also prevents itching and flaking. You can get refills until you and your doctor have determined that the medication is no longer necessary. You may also opt for oral medication if the rash shows no signs of ebbing.

 

Medication and topical creams are considered two of the safer alternatives to surgery. They're noninvasive, and they pose limited side effects. However, there are extreme cases that only surgery can solve, such as times when the rash has become so severe that old skin may need to be removed.


What Happens After Treatment?

There is no cure for hidradenitis suppurativa, but it is a condition that is easily managed through medical and holistic measures. Good weight management is key to reducing the likelihood that skin folds will develop. Another is to keep the area clean and simply reduce stress in your life. Developing a treatment plan and complying with it is the best way to manage your condition.

 

Conditions like hidradenitis suppurativa and other visible skin ailments can negatively impact your self-confidence and overall well-being. However, with the right diagnosis and treatment, you can begin your journey towards healthier skin. If you would like to know more about hidradenitis suppurativa or speak to a skilled dermatologist, reach out to Pine Belt Dermatology for expert guidance.

 

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At Pine Belt Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center , we recognize that children may face different skin issues as they grow. Some conditions are temporary and manageable with basic skincare, while others require expert assessment. Recognizing common skin conditions helps parents and caregivers determine when to consult a dermatologist. Understanding your child’s skin health, including conditions like eczema, acne, warts, and rashes, is essential for their comfort and confidence. Common Skin Conditions in Children Children may develop many of the same skin conditions as adults, though their symptoms and treatment needs often differ. Common pediatric skin conditions include: Eczema: Often causes dry, itchy, red, or irritated patches of skin. Eczema can flare up because of weather, irritants, allergies, or other triggers. Acne: As children enter puberty, hormonal changes may lead to clogged pores, blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. Warts: Caused by a viral infection, warts are common in children and often appear on the hands, fingers, feet, or around the nails. Molluscum contagiosum: This common childhood skin infection can cause small, raised bumps that may spread through skin-to-skin contact. Rashes: Children may develop rashes from allergies, infections, insect bites, medications, or contact with irritating substances. Birthmarks: Many birthmarks are harmless, but a medical professional should evaluate any changes in their appearance. While most childhood skin conditions are not serious, a medical professional should evaluate persistent or changing symptoms. When Should Your Child See a Dermatologist? Parents ought to schedule a dermatology appointment if a skin concern does not improve with basic care or begins to affect a child’s daily life. A dermatologist may be recommended if your child experiences: A persistent rash, itching, or skin irritation Eczema that frequently flares or does not respond to basic skincare Moderate or severe acne, particularly if it is painful or causing scarring Warts or other growths that continue to spread or return Skin infections that require treatment A changing, bleeding, or unusual mole or birthmark A skin condition that causes discomfort, embarrassment, or affects your child’s confidence A recurring skin problem without an obvious cause Early evaluation helps decipher the underlying cause and secures timely, appropriate treatment. Why Pediatric Dermatology Matters Children’s skin differs from adult skin and is often extra sensitive to certain products and treatments. Using inappropriate medications or skincare products may worsen irritation.  A dermatologist can evaluate your child’s symptoms, determine whether a condition requires treatment, and recommend options appropriate for their age and skin type. Specialist support can also help parents understand how to handle chronic conditions and reduce future flare-ups. Supporting Healthy Skin at Home Consistent daily skincare helps protect your child’s skin. Use gentle, fragrance-free products, moisturize regularly, avoid known irritants, and encourage children not to scratch irritated areas to maintain a healthy skin barrier. However, home care may not always be sufficient. If symptoms persist, worsen, or cause significant discomfort, seek expert evaluation for guidance and reassurance. Healthy Skin Starts Early Many childhood skin conditions are manageable when identified early. Knowing when to seek professional care for eczema, acne, warts, recurring rashes, or other concerns can make a big difference. At Pine Belt Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center , we provide comprehensive dermatology care for patients of all ages. If your child has a persistent, changing, or concerning skin condition, our team can identify the cause and develop a treatment plan to support healthy skin.
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At Pine Belt Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center , we understand that selecting the right skincare products can be challenging. While many over-the-counter (OTC) options promise results, not all skin concerns can be addressed with these products. Knowing the difference between OTC and prescription treatments helps you make educated decisions and recognize when to seek professional care. If you are treating acne, eczema, rosacea, or signs of aging, upgrading your treatment plan at the right time can improve your skin health and confidence. Understanding Over-the-Counter Skin Treatments Over-the-counter skincare products are available without a prescription and are intended for mild to moderate skin concerns. When used consistently, many contain ingredients that help maintain healthy skin. Common OTC ingredients include: Salicylic acid for acne Benzoyl peroxide to reduce acne-causing bacteria Retinol for fine lines and uneven texture Hydrocortisone cream for minor itching and irritation Moisturizers with ceramides or hyaluronic acid to heal the skin barrier These products are a good starting point for mild conditions. However, because OTC treatments use lower-strength active ingredients, they may not be effective for chronic or serious skin issues. When Prescription Skin Treatments May Be Necessary Prescription treatments use stronger active ingredients and are customized to your specific skin condition. A dermatologist can diagnose the underlying cause and recommend medications that address the problem more effectively than OTC products. Prescription treatments may include: Oral medications for moderate to severe acne Prescription-strength retinoids Medications to manage eczema or psoriasis Treatments for rosacea and chronic redne Prescription creams for hyperpigmentation or melasma Antifungal or antibacterial medications for skin infections These therapies are chosen based on your medical history, skin type, and treatment goals to maximize results and minimize side effects. Time to Upgrade Your Treatment While many start with OTC products, some situations require a dermatology appointment. Consider seeing a dermatologist if: Your skin condition has not improved after several weeks of steady OTC treatment. Acne is causing painful cysts, nodules, or permanent scarring. Rashes, redness, or irritation continue to worsen. You experience frequent flare-ups of eczema, psoriasis, or rosacea. You notice new or changing skin growths or unusual spots. Your skin concern is affecting your confidence or quality of life. Early treatment has the potential to prevent conditions from getting worse and minimize the chances of long-term skin damage. Why Professional Assessment Matters Many skin conditions look similar, making self-diagnosis challenging. For example, stubborn acne may be rosacea, and chronic dry patches could indicate eczema, psoriasis, or another condition. A board-certified dermatologist can accurately diagnose your skin concern and develop a customized treatment plan. Professional guidance also helps you avoid spending time and money on ineffective products. Healthy Skin Starts with the Right Treatment Over-the-counter products are important for daily skincare, but they may not treat complex or persistent concerns. Transitioning to prescription treatment at the right time can greatly improve your skin’s appearance and long-term health. At Pine Belt Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center , our team offers complete evaluations and customized treatment plans for acne, eczema, rosacea, hyperpigmentation, skin cancer screenings, and other skin conditions. If your current skincare routine is not resulting in success, we are here to help you achieve healthier, more confident skin. 
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At Pine Belt Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center, we believe education is key to protecting and maintaining healthy skin. July is significant for skin health, featuring both UV Safety Awareness Month and World Skin Health Day on July 8 . These occasions highlight the importance of sun protection and raise awareness of common concerns, such as hyperpigmentation and melasma . Understanding how ultraviolet (UV) exposure affects your skin helps prevent long-term damage and supports a healthier, more even complexion. Why UV Protection Matters The sun emits ultraviolet rays that can damage skin even on cloudy days. While many associate UV exposure with sunburn, its effects are broader. Repeated UV exposure accelerates skin aging, increases skin cancer risk, and contributes to pigmentation disorders. Common effects of excessive UV exposure include: • Sunburn and skin irritation • Premature aging, including fine lines and wrinkles • Dark spots and uneven skin tone • Increased risk of skin cancer • Worsening of hyperpigmentation and melasma Daily sun protection is one of the most effective ways to maintain healthy skin and reduce preventable damage. What Is Hyperpigmentation? Hyperpigmentation is a common condition where areas of skin become darker than the surrounding tissue due to excess melanin production. Multiple factors can contribute to hyperpigmentation, including: • Sun exposure • Acne scars and inflammation • Hormonal changes • Skin injuries or irritation • Certain medications While hyperpigmentation is mostly harmless, many seek treatment to improve skin tone as well as restore confidence. Understanding Melasma Melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation that shows up as brown or gray-brown patches, typically on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. Melasma is frequently associated with: • Hormone changes during pregnancy • Birth control medications • Hormone replacement therapy • Genetic predisposition • Sun exposure Although melasma is not dangerous, it can be difficult to treat because UV exposure frequently triggers or worsens it. Even minimal sun exposure can increase pigment production and make discoloration more noticeable. Protecting Your Skin from UV Damage Whether you are concerned about skin cancer, hyperpigmentation, or melasma, daily sun protection is essential. Dermatologists suggest: • Using sun lotion with SPF 30 or higher every day • Reapplying sunscreen every two hours when outdoors • Wearing wide-brimmed hats and protective clothing • Seeking shade during peak sunlight hours • Wearing UV-protective sunglasses • Avoiding tanning beds Consistent sun protection helps prevent new pigmentation issues. World Skin Health Day: A Reminder to Prioritize Skin Care Observed annually on July 8, World Skin Health Day encourages preventive steps to maintain healthy skin. This is a reminder to perform regular self-exams, schedule dermatology visits, and address concerns early. If you notice persistent dark spots, changes in pigmentation, or new skin lesions, seek an expert assessment to determine the cause and identify treatment options. Supporting Healthy Skin Year-Round UV Safety Awareness Month and World Skin Health Day remind us that protecting your skin is an investment in long-term health. Practicing sun safety and understanding conditions like hyperpigmentation and melasma help preserve your skin’s health, appearance, and function. At Pine Belt Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center, our team provides personalized evaluations and treatments for pigmentation concerns, sun-damaged skin, and overall skin health. Plan a visit and learn how we can help you achieve healthier, more confident skin.
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